Engineering Journal of Satbayev University

Prospects for the use of groundwater in the southern part of the Kerbulak deposit for irrigation

2024-04-30T07:33:42+00:00

Groundwater is an important natural resource and its importance for the agricultural sector of the economy of Kazakhstan is enormous. In conditions of limited surface water resources and due to the changes and increasing climate aridization, the southern regions of Kazakhstan are increasingly experiencing a shortage of water resources. The climate conditions of the south-eastern regions of Kazakhstan are characterized by a lack of moisture, which makes irrigation an integral part of agricultural production. In recent decades, water resource management has become increasingly important. The efficient use of water resources through modern irrigation technologies can contribute to increased land productivity and food security in the region. This paper presents the results of research on the use of groundwater in the southern part of the Kerbulak field for irrigation purposes. The paper analyzes the current state of groundwater use and prospects for the development of irrigated agriculture in the considered area. The article presents the results of the research of the hydrogeological conditions of the Shengeldy area (the southern part of the Kerbulak field), identified prospective aquifers, studied the quality of groundwater, and made conclusions about the use of groundwater for various purposes. The groundwater of the Kerbulak field can provide a stable water supply during the growing season, and this is critical for agriculture in poor years. However, despite all the benefits, irrigated agriculture faces a number of challenges, such as soil degradation, pollution and depletion of water resources. Therefore, the important task is to develop and implement effective strategies for the management of irrigated areas, aimed at integrating modern technologies, traditional knowledge and sustainable agricultural practices.

Study of lithological and facies sedimentation conditions in the salt complex of the south of the Caspian Basin in connection with the assessment of oil and gas potential

2024-05-25T05:58:31+00:00

A description of the level of knowledge and regional features over the complex southern region of the Caspian basin is given. Modern ideas about the characteristics of the load and the total salt-dome tectonics on the supports of local structures and the oil and gas accumulation zone are presented. Based on the disclosure of data on the internal structure, the need for a detailed study of the “salt dome - trough”, the patterns of distribution of salt-bearing thickness over the area, and its manifestation on the overlying types of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous are substantiated. The analysis of data on the structure and oil and gas content of salt dome structures of the southern interfluve of the Ural-Volga and the Yuzhno-Embinsky district is carried out. The factors determining the degree of complexity of the structure of the post-salt strata are substantiated. Including: the relationship between the activity of dome growth and the changes over time in the structural plan along horizons IV, V, and III within the supra-dome, peri-dome areas, and the periphery of the dome, as well as the overall evolution of the 'salt dome – basin' system. The wide strip along the contour of the southern framing of the Caspian basin, which is characterized by a sheet-like and weakly faulted salt occurrence, is emphasized as the most promising in terms of oil and gas bearing. In this strip on the southern framing of the Caspian basin, using the example of the fields of the Prorva group, Borankol, Kisimbay and others, it is shown that promising local structures are characterized by the preservation of the completeness of the section in the supra-dome and sub-dome parts, which provides relatively more favorable conditions for the formation of hydrocarbon traps in them.

Influence of Thermal Annealing Conditions on the Processes of Phase Transformations in Aluminium-Magnesium Ceramics Doped with Scandium

2024-01-21T07:43:03+00:00

In modern materials science, much attention is paid to the production of new types of ceramics that have increased resistance to external influences, as well as high strength parameters. At the same time, among the ceramics one can single out aluminum-magnesium spinel, which has a unique combination of properties that open up opportunities for its use as structural materials in the nuclear industry and aircraft construction, as well as metallurgy in the manufacture of crucibles for smelting metals. It should also be noted that recently special attention has been paid to research aimed at improving the properties of these ceramics by doping or alloying them, which makes it possible to change their properties and increase resistance to external influences. The purpose of this study is to study the effectiveness of scandium doping of aluminum-magnesium spinel (MgAl₂O₄) obtained using the method of mechanochemical solid-phase synthesis, on changing the dynamics of phase transformation processes. The choice of ceramics based on MgAl₂O₄ spinel as objects of study is due to the great prospects for its use in structural materials science, due to the unique physicochemical and strength properties, and the addition of scandium to the composition of this ceramic makes it possible to increase resistance to external influences and increase crack resistance. Using the method of X-ray phase analysis, it was found that an increase in the annealing temperature of alumina-magnesium ceramics doped with scandium leads to an enrichment of the composition with the γ-phase of aluminum oxide, with the formation of a substitutional solid solution of the MgAl₂O₄/Al₂O₃ type, and also to a decrease in the concentration of the ScAlMgO₄ phase. At an annealing temperature of 1500°C, inclusions are formed in the composition of ceramics in the form of an MgAl intermetallic phase with a high degree of structural ordering of the crystal lattice (the deformation distortion factor is – 0.35 (compression strain)).

Analysis of the silicomanganese market worldwide: а review

2024-02-23T12:56:30+00:00

This article presents data on the production and trade turnover of silicomanganese (SiMn) in the world and Kazakhstan. Based on these studies, it is possible to predict the future state of silicomanganese. The global silicomanganese market is expected to grow from $25.98 billion in 2022 to $28.33 billion in 2023 at a cumulative annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9%. The Russian-Ukrainian war has undermined the chances of a global economic recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between the two countries led to economic sanctions against many countries, rising commodity prices and supply chain disruptions, which caused inflation of goods and services and affected many markets around the world. The global silicomanganese market is expected to reach $38.35 billion in 2027 with an average annual growth rate of 7.9%. It is expected that the growing demand for steel products will contribute to the further growth of the silicomanganese market. Steel products are products that are made from iron and metal in factories by various methods and mixed with alloys such as carbon, zinc and others. Silicomanganese is used to produce various types of steel for various purposes, such as carbon steel, alloy steel, manganese steel. Such use leads to an increase in demand for silicomanganese in the production of steel products. For example, in 2022, according to the World Steel Association (WSA), the Belgian international trade organization for Ferrous Metallurgy, steel consumption will increase by 0.4% in 2022, reaching 1.840 million tons. Steel consumption will increase by 2.2% in 2023, reaching 1.881 million tons. Thus, the growing demand for steel products stimulates the silicomanganese market.

Technological research of gold-bearing ore using gravity and flotation methods

2024-04-08T11:14:27+00:00

The paper presents the results of technological research on the extraction of gold by hydrometallurgical methods, as well as the beneficiation of gold ore using the methods of centrifugal concentration of gravity and flotation. Valuable ore components were identified by quantitative chemical analysis; a study of the material composition showed that the main industrially valuable mineral in the ore is gold with a content of up to 1.60 g/t, with accompanying silver - 27.96 g/t. Studies of the granulometric composition showed gold content in different size classes, the maximum gold content was 8.01 g/t in samples of size class -0.071 mm. X-ray fluorescence, X-ray phase chemical, fire assay analyzes for gold and silver content were carried out, and a mineralogical study of the ore sample was carried out. Based on the research results, conclusions were drawn about the properties of the deposit's ore; according to mineralogical analysis, the ore under study belongs to the low-sulfide primary type, gold is found mainly in free form and in intergrowths with minerals, the technological type of ore is easily enriched, finely disseminated. It was established that the studied ore is effectively enriched by gravity and flotation methods; as a result of the gravity-flotation scheme, 96.29% of gold was extracted into enrichment concentrates; with the enrichment scheme using surfactants, 91.31% of gold was extracted into concentrates. The recovery of gold by direct cyanidation from ore crushed to 95% of -0.074 mm class was up to 92.78%. The results obtained indicate that gold in the ore is in forms extractable by cyanide leaching. Studies have been conducted on the use of surfactants in the process of flotation and extraction of gold from raw materials by cyanidation in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the processes.