Engineering Journal of Satbayev University

Correlation of ore bodies in a molybdenum-tungsten deposit using the distribution of rock-forming and trace elements

D. Shihov — 2024-04-30

The article presents a study of tungsten skarn deposits based on a comprehensive analysis of geological and geochemical data. The research is based on information obtained from drilling and core analysis, photographs, and geochemical surveys. The results identified three main areas of the deposit – Eastern, Central, and Western – with differences in the distribution of ore bodies and mineralization. The main ore body extends over a significant area and contains a substantial proportion of tungsten resources. Mineralized deposits below the main ore body are characterized by varying rock compositions and contain a significant number of ore bodies, including large frameworks. The application of geochemical studies plays a crucial role in understanding geological structures and the formation of mineral deposits. Geochemical data provide information on the composition of rocks, the distribution of elements, and the nature of processes occurring in the Earth's crust. They help establish chemical relationships between different rocks and their minerals, as well as reveal connections with geological structures. The analysis of geochemical data identified correlations between the content of valuable elements and rock lithotypes, aiding in a better understanding of the geological structure of the deposit. Special attention was given to the relationship between zirconium and limestones, identified through geochemical data analysis. The proposed analysis method offers new perspectives for understanding the formation of skarn deposits and developing mining strategies. The study's results represent an important contribution to mining geology and can be used to optimize the exploitation of tungsten skarn deposits.

Mining mapping and exploration using remote sensing data in Kazakhstan: a review

M.A. Alpysbay — 2024-04-30

Effective and sustainable resource management is critical to the mining industry, which plays a significant role in the Kazakhstan economy. To achieve this goal, the use of remote sensing technologies has become necessary. These advanced tools are now integral to activities such as mineral mapping, research and environmental monitoring. Therefore, the purpose of this comprehensive review article is to scrutinize how remote sensing data is used specifically in the context of mining in Kazakhstan. The comprehensive review covers a wide range of aspects, including the use of remote sensing for mapping and mineral resource studies. Key findings highlight the growing importance of remote sensing technologies in Kazakhstan's mining industry as they facilitate the precise delineation of ore deposits, enable effective monitoring of environmental impacts and promote optimal use of natural resources. The article discusses the difficulties and limitations encountered in the application of remote sensing data. Particular attention is paid to the need to improve methods of data processing, correction of atmospheric influences and spectral analysis. The overview presented in this paper is of great importance to those involved in research, policy development and industrial sectors who are interested in using remote sensing data to enhance mining activities and promote environmental sustainability in Kazakhstan. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the subject, this review offers valuable information that can help researchers deepen their understanding of the topic and guide them toward more effective strategies.

Review of studies of corrosion of metals and alloys

N.К. Smagulova — 2024-04-30

A review of studies on the protection of metals and their alloys from corrosion has been conducted. Currently, the problem of protecting metals and metal structures from corrosion is relevant in the world. The problem of protecting metal products from corrosion has not lost its importance since the beginning of the use of metal. The urgency of this problem lies in the fact that the intensive development of metal-intensive industries is associated with the rapid growth of economic and environmental damage caused by the destruction of metal structures, equipment and products. Practically all existing metal is subject to corrosion, but the long-term reliable functioning of products, equipment, metal structures made of metal and its alloys depends on the speed of the corrosion process. The average service life of products made of non-ferrous and ferrous metal alloys is about fifteen years, which is common in environmental conditions. Not only iron alloys, but also hard-to-melt metals and their alloys have a harmful effect on the environment. The main harm from metal corrosion is associated not only with the loss of a large amount of metal, but also with the failure of metal structures, since due to corrosion they lose the necessary strength, ductility, density, thermal and electrical conductivity, insulation and other necessary properties. Protection of metal structures from corrosion gives a positive effect by reducing the cost of repair and complete replacement of the entire structure or part. Corrosion protection is one of the most important problems of modern industry. This article provides information about the origin of the term corrosion, the course of this process, its types and the alleged damage.

Destruction of mineral components of red mud during hydrothermal extraction of scandium

B.K. Kenzhaliyev — 2024-04-30

The technology of scandium extraction from red mud of bauxite processing by hydrochemical method has been developed, including preliminary treatment of red mud with alkaline solution for aluminum extraction, subsequent thermochemical transformation in sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and repulping in solution containing a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate and sorption extraction of scandium from carbonization solution. As a result of pretreatment of red mud with alkaline solution, with the addition of CaO at the rate of obtaining the ratio of CaO:SiO₂= 1:1 in the pulp at a temperature of 240-260°C extraction of aluminum obtained in the solution more than 80%. To increase the degree of extraction of scandium, thermochemical transformation of the phase composition of red mud by treatment with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution at a temperature of 260°C, duration of 6 hours and the ratio L:S = 10. Extraction of scandium from red mud is carried out by pulp repulping method with soda-hydrocarbonate recycling solution containing Na₂O_tot= 65 g/dm³ at NaHCO₃/Na₂CO₃ ratio~ 2 with solution gassing with carbon dioxide to reach pH≤9 at temperature 80°C and duration 3 hours. According to the developed technology the degree of scandium extraction from red mud amounted to 86.5%. The efficiency of the technology is associated with the destruction of mineral components of red mud as a result of two-stage transformation of the phase composition, its recrystallization and release of the difficult-to-discover part of scandium. The analysis of existing technologies of sorption extraction of scandium from sulfuric acid leaching solutions was carried out, which showed that the best selectivity for scandium is possessed by ion-exchange resins synthesized by phosphorylation of copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene. When using phosphorus-containing amphoteric ionite Lewatit TP 260, the degree of scandium extraction from the carbonization solution was 98%.

Locating and ranking development plans of Iron and Steel Industries in Afghanistan by using FAHP and FTOPSIS methods

Saleh Mohammad Salehy — 2024-04-30

Due to the growth of steel industry in the world, the rich resources of ore, Abundance of inputs required by the iron and steel industry and higher demand for steel in Afghanistan, the idea of designing and locating development plans in the field of iron and steel industry was created. To increase existing competitive advantages and gaining the most added value for Afghanistan requires suitable locations. In this paper, six cases as criteria and nineteen cases as sub-criteria that have a greater impact on the construction of iron and steel industries, selected after interviews with experts. The questionnaires have been arranged and distributed by google-forms and interviews have been conducted with experts. The weights of the criteria and sub-criteria were calculated based on the results of the questionnaires and using the FAHP. Then by using the FTOPSIS, the plans are ranked based on the similarity index. As a result, which the Bamyan has come in first position and Kandahar has come in recent position of development planning to invest. In the end, for more accuracy and correctness of the research after completing all preconditions, sensibility analysis among options according criteria and sub-criteria has been done in five scenarios.