Engineering Journal of Satbayev University

A mini review on key properties and requirements of vanadium electrolytes

I.O. Aimbetova — 2024-08-31

This article examines the key factors involved in the production of electrolytes for vanadium batteries. It delves into various important parameters, including the optimal concentration of vanadium in the electrolyte, the composition of the electrolyte itself, and the necessity of maintaining appropriate levels of ionic strength, viscosity, temperature, and electrical conductivity in the solution. Moreover, the article highlights the significance of preventing electrode wear and sediment formation, offering insights into different reagents used and their specific mechanisms of action. By providing such valuable information, this article emphasizes the utmost importance of manufacturing high-quality vanadium batteries and their essential electrolytes, especially considering the rapid advancements in this field. This comprehensive study sheds light on the crucial parameters that must be carefully considered during the production of electrolytes for vanadium batteries. It stresses the criticality of maintaining optimal concentrations, proper composition, and suitable levels of ionic strength, viscosity, temperature, and electrical conductivity. It is also underscoring the need to prevent electrode wear and sediment formation. Generally speaking, this article serves as an invaluable resource in the production of top-notch vanadium batteries and their indispensable electrolytes in light of the rapid progress in this domain.

Extraction of zinc from dust from electric arc furnaces by high-temperature chlorinating sintering

G.M. Koishina — 2024-08-31

The paper presents the results of comprehensive studies of the processing of ferrous metallurgy dust by high-temperature sintering together with CaCl₂. Using modern research methods of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy ICP-MS (Agilent 7700s ICP-MS System Technologies), powder X-ray diffraction (Ultima III (Rigaku Corporation, USA), the composition of dust and the forms of metals in them have been studied: zinc in dust is mainly represented in in the form of zincite (ZnO) and in the form of franklinite (ZnFe₂O₄). Zinc chloride hydrates (Zn₅Cl₂·(OH)8·H₂O) were found in a small amount. Lead was found in a metallic form. The results of the influence of temperature and consumption of CaCl₂ on the distribution of Zn, Pb between sintering products (clinker, sublimates) are presented. The optimal process parameters were established: t = 900ºC, τ = 60 minutes, the consumption of CaCl₂ is 1.3 times higher than its consumption from the SRQ. High quality zinc sublimates were obtained, % by weight: 40.87 Zn; 0.16 Pb; 44.82 Cl; 13.04 O; others. A high recovery of zinc in distillates has been achieved – 98.9%. The presence of a minimum lead content in the distillates will not significantly affect their quality. New data on the extraction and distribution of zinc and lead between the products of high-temperature sintering of clinker together with CaCl₂ have been obtained. It was found that at temperatures above 700ºC, the zinc content in the clinker decreases sharply. The minimum zinc content in the clinker of 0.62% corresponds to a temperature of 900ºC. An increase in temperature to 1000ºC only slightly reduces the zinc content in the clinker to 0.6%.

Analysis and research of flocculant reagents for thickening operations of flotation concentrate in the processing technology of fine-dispersed chrome ores

B.B. Abdurzakova — 2024-08-31

This research presents a systematic review of innovative methods for determining the influence of the concentration of flocculant reagents TOPFLOC 714, NALCO 8172PULV, and Magnofloc 5250 in recycled water for the purpose of dewatering sludge from treatment facilities during the processing of fine-dispersed chrome ores using the gravity-flotation method of enriching aged tailings at the Donskoy GOK. It also examines the degree of influence of amine components of flocculants in recycled water on the technological processes of gravity and flotation beneficiation, as well as the corrosion resistance of equipment. A review of modern water treatment methods is provided. A systematic review and analytical assessment of the results of 10 selected scientific studies on the methodology for determining the efficiency of flocculants for dewatering sludge from treatment facilities in the processing of fine-dispersed chrome ores was conducted, covering the period from 2006 to 2023. The study results show the use of easily accessible, safe, and cheap biodegradable polymers through innovative methods. Additionally, the research demonstrates successful examples of thickening oxide minerals after gravity separators and flotation machines to achieve good results in sedimentation of sludge from treatment facilities in fine ore processing. The pH of the solution influences the behavior of polymer chains. The clarification of industrial wastewater from gravity and flotation processes depends on both the type and concentration of the applied flocculants. A systematic review of dewatering methods for sludge from treatment facilities processing fine-dispersed chrome ores was carried out with an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the selected methods. Overall, the results highlight the importance of using flocculant reagents and applying innovative methods for the sedimentation of fine-dispersed chrome ores to enhance beneficiation efficiency and improve resource utilization.