Observations of the deformation of surface structures during the construction of the subway using gnss

Abstract

Timely detection of deformations associated with geological hazards or subsidence of the ground in the sections of the construction of subways can save lives, prevent large financial obligations and avoid serious damage to the environment. Currently, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are considered as one of the solutions to problems in the field of monitoring and predicting deformations of buildings and structures. GNSS technologies have recently been used to monitor the deformations of high-rise buildings, bridges and dams to assess infrastructure, and the movement of the earth's crust. New improvements to the GNSS instruments allow monitoring with high accuracy in real time and with 24-hour availability.