Assessment of spectral indices variations in areas with favourable hydromeliorative conditions of the Maktaaral irrigation massif

Abstract

Space technologies, which provide the capability for remote sensing of the Earth, including monitoring of vegetation conditions, are now an integral part of agricultural monitoring. One of the main tools for monitoring studies is the imaging equipment of the Landsat spacecraft. Optical-electronic satellite imaging is performed in different spectral bands. The Landsat series of satellites has a long time series of archived data with a reference accuracy of medium spatial resolution. This paper proposes an integrated approach using remote sensing and GIS techniques to study the influence of hydrogeological conditions of irrigated massifs on crop yields. Landsat-8 space images for the period 2013-2021 were used as remote sensing data to study the influence of soil salinity, groundwater level and salinity on raw cotton yields in the Mactaaral irrigation array plots of Turkestan Province. To assess the influence of these factors, spectral vegetation indices, salinity indices and water indices were calculated and analysed. The index images obtained made it possible to identify differences in raw cotton yields in plots with favourable ameliorative conditions. Using spectral vegetation indices, it was possible to identify zones with the most active cotton growth, as well as areas with low yields, which may be related to soil salinity and insufficient groundwater levels. High soil salinity and high groundwater salinity negatively affect the yield of raw cotton. Thus, the analysis of spectral vegetation indices, salinity indices and water indices makes it possible to determine more precisely the factors affecting crop yields and to take the necessary measures to increase yields in areas with unfavourable conditions.Crime determination aspects in the Far East Federal region are discovered considering socio­economic situation, complex of negative demographic and socio-economic factors that lead to significant decrease of gainfully employed population and relevance of labor migration. The research objective is to uncover the problems of drug abuse crime in the Far East Federal Region. Objectives: to study and analyze the statistics of demographic and migration processes in this region, to show the consequences of violating migration rules, their impact on increasing the rate of drug abuse crime.