Имплементация Хельсинкской конвенции 1992 года в управлении трансграничными подземными водами: сравнительный анализ и пример Шуйского бассейна
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51301/ejsu.2026.i1.06Ключевые слова:
трансграничные подземные воды; водная безопасность; правовое регулирование; Центральная АзияАннотация
В условиях нарастающего дефицита пресной воды и изменения климата особое значение приобретает эффективное трансграничное водное управление, включая подземные водные ресурсы. Хельсинкская конвенция 1992 года обеспечивает международно-правовую основу для сотрудничества государств в сфере охраны и рационального использования трансграничных водотоков и водоносных горизонтов. Настоящая статья направлена на сравнительный анализ практики реализации положений Конвенции в различных регионах мира – Европе, Центральной Азии и Африке – с акцентом на гидрогеологические аспекты. Особое внимание уделено Шуйскому трансграничному бассейну, расположенному на территории Казахстана и Кыргызстана, как кейсу частичной имплементации международных норм. На основе системного анализа практик управления, мониторинга и защиты подземных вод предложены рекомендации по интеграции положений Конвенции в региональные водные политики и институциональные механизмы. Целью исследования является в проведении сравнительного анализа практики применения Хельсинкской конвенции 1992 года в различных регионах мира с акцентом на трансграничные подземные воды, выделяя проблемы и перспективы её имплементации на примере Шуйского бассейна. Проведённое исследование подтвердило, что применение Хельсинкской конвенции 1992 года существенно варьируется в зависимости от географического и политико-институционального контекста.
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