Обзор основных направлений использования биоугля в производстве чугуна и стали
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51301/ejsu.2026.i4.01Ключевые слова:
углеродистые материалы, металлургия, реакционная способность, биоуголь, биококс, спекание железной руды, науг-лероживание, электропечиАннотация
В данной статье обобщены основные направления применения биоугля в производстве чугуна и стали, а также требования к его свойствам как возобновляемой альтернативы ископаемым углеродсодержащим материалам. Рассмотрено использование биоугля в процессах коксования, агломерации железной руды, вдувания в доменную печь (ДП), кислородно-конвертерной плавки (ККП) и электросталеплавильного производства в дуговой сталеплавильной печи (ДСП). Для каждого процесса систематизированы функции биоугля и требования к его основным характеристикам, включая реакционную способность, пористость, плотность и механическую прочность. Показано, что при коксовании доля биоугля, как правило, ограничивается приблизительно 10 мас%, поскольку его добавление отрицательно влияет на прочность и реакционную способность кокса. При агломерации железной руды биоуглём можно заменить 40-60 мас% коксовой мелочи, тогда как при вдувании в ДП степень замещения зависит от условий горения и необходимости поддержания стабильной температуры в фурменной зоне. Наибольшим потенциалом биоуголь обладает при использовании в кислородных конвертерах и ДСП, где он может выполнять функции дополнительного источника энергии, науглероживателя и материала для вспенивания шлака. К основным ограничениям промышленного применения биоугля относятся нестабильность его свойств, низкие плотность и прочность, неоднородный состав золы и склонность к самонагреванию. Сделан вывод о необходимости разработки специальных требований к биоуглю для каждого металлургического процесса.
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