Mitigation of air leakage in underground coal mines:  A case study of the Quang Ninh coalfield, Vietnam

Ч.В.  Дао; Т.Т. Ву

doi:10.51301/ejsu.2026.i2.04

Авторы

Ч.В. Дао Ханой тау-кен және геология университеті, Вьетнам
Т.Т. Ву Ханой тау-кен және геология университеті, Вьетнам

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https://doi.org/10.51301/ejsu.2026.i2.04

Ключевые слова:

ауа ағуы, ауа ағуын төмендету, желдету құрылыстары, негізгі желдеткіш қондырғылар, көмір шахталары, Куангнинь көмір бассейні

Аннотация

Жерасты көмір шахталарындағы желдету жүйелерінің тұрақтылығы мен тиімділігі өндіріс қауіпсіздігін қамтамасыз ету және жұмысшылардың денсаулығын қорғау үшін шешуші маңызға ие. Ауа ағуы тазарту кенжарлары, тұйық қазбалар және ірі жерасты камералары сияқты жұмыс аймақтарына таза ауаның жеткізілу тиімділігін төмендетіп қана қоймай, көмірдің өздігінен жануы және метанның жиналуы сияқты жарылысқа әкелуі мүмкін қауіпті құбылыстардың туындауына да ықпал етеді. Сонымен қатар, ауа ағуы бас желдеткіш қондырғылардың жұмысы кезінде энергия тұтынуды айтарлықтай арттырады. Осыған байланысты жерасты көмір шахталарындағы ауа ағуын азайтуға бағытталған шешімдерді зерттеу және әзірлеу қажеттілігі туындайды. Тау-кен жұмыстарының сызбасын, желдету сызбасын және қолданыстағы желдету құрылыстарын талдау негізінде авторлар натурлық зерттеулер, өлшеулер, талдау және бағалау жұмыстарын жүргізді. Бұл шахталардың желдету құрылыстары арқылы болатын ауа ағуын азайту жөніндегі шараларды ұсынуға мүмкіндік берді. Сонымен қатар, Вьетнамдағы Куангнинь көмір бассейнінің жерасты көмір шахталарында қолдануға болатын желдету шлюздері, желдету есіктері және оқшаулағыш бөгеттер үшін конструктивтік шешімдер ұсынылды. Зерттеуде деректерді жинау, натурлық зерттеу, аспаптық өлшеу, шахталық талдау, сондай-ақ алынған нәтижелерді талдау және бағалау әдістері қолданылды. Ұсынылған шешімдер шахталық өндірісте енгізіліп, оң нәтижелер көрсетті, оның ішінде ауа ағуын азайту, желдету тиімділігін арттыру, бас желдеткіш қондырғылардың жұмыс режимдерін жақсарту және жалпы шахта бойынша желдету шығындарын қысқарту нәтижелері байқалды. Осы зерттеудің нәтижелері жерасты көмір шахталарында желдету жоспарларын әзірлеуге, сондай-ақ бүкіл шахта көлемінде ауа ағуын азайтуға бағытталған тиісті желдету құрылыстарын таңдау және орнату үшін негіз бола алады.

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