Геомеханическая оценка напряжённо-деформированного состояния структурно-неоднородных породных массивов Кыргызстана
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51301/ejsu.2025.i2.05Ключевые слова:
горное дело, напряжённо-деформированное состояние, упругие характеристики, породный массивАннотация
Исследования направлены на оценку напряжённо-деформированного состояния породных массивов структурно неоднородных рудных месторождений Кыргызстана, выявление закономерностей распределения напряжений в зависимости от глубины и влияния тектонических разрывов, а также на установление взаимосвязи между упругими характеристиками пород и их прочностными свойствами. В работе использован комплекс методов, включающий полевые измерения методом разгрузки, позволяющие получать значения главных нормальных напряжений на различных глубинах, лабораторные испытания для определения скоростей упругих волн, модулей упругости и модулей сдвига, а также статистический анализ для построения регрессионных зависимостей. Кроме того, проведена реконструкция ориентировки главных напряжений и оценка влияния тектонических разрывов на распределение напряжений в массиве. Результаты исследования демонстрируют, что вертикальные напряжения в породном массиве, в первом приближении, соответствуют давлению веса вышележащих слоёв γH. Полученные регрессионные модели для крепких пород и массивов средней прочности подтверждают, что экспериментальные данные находятся между значениями, рассчитанными по зависимостям Н. Хаста, и значениями, обусловленными гидростатическим распределением напряжений. Исследование упругих характеристик пород выявило высокую степень анизотропии, при которой изменение скорости продольной волны непосредственно коррелирует с изменением модулей упругости и модуля сдвига. Полученные результаты позволяют разрабатывать более точные модели прогнозирования напряжённо-деформированного состояния рудных массивов и оптимизировать проектирование горных выработок.
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